Abuja, Nigeria – March 31, 2025 – The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a concerning surge in Lassa fever cases, with 118 deaths recorded between January and March 2025. Out of 3,465 suspected cases, 645 have been confirmed across 91 Local Government Areas in 33 states, resulting in a case fatality rate of 18.3%.
Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic illness endemic in parts of West Africa, is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by rodent urine or feces. Human-to-human transmission can also occur, particularly in healthcare settings lacking adequate infection control measures. The NCDC has highlighted that over 20 healthcare workers have been infected in five states during this period, underscoring the occupational risks faced by medical personnel.
In response to the escalating outbreak, the NCDC has activated the Lassa Fever National Emergency Operations Centre (LF-EOC) at Response Level 2. This activation aims to enhance coordination among federal and state governments, local authorities, and development partners to effectively manage and contain the spread of the disease. 
Despite ongoing public health campaigns emphasizing preventive measures, challenges persist in improving environmental hygiene and reducing rodent-human interactions, particularly in impoverished rural areas. The NCDC continues to advocate for heightened community awareness, early detection, and prompt treatment to mitigate the impact of Lassa fever nationwide.
As Nigeria confronts this public health challenge, the collective efforts of governmental agencies, healthcare workers, and communities remain pivotal in curbing the spread of Lassa fever and safeguarding public health.
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